In a population of children and adolescents from northeastern England gastritis diet best zantac 150 mg, yogurt was consumed by 56% of participants (Clerfeuille et al gastritis diet cheap 300 mg zantac amex. Consumption of yogurt in other countries may be much lower because of lack of availability gastritis natural treatment buy generic zantac 300mg, popularity gastritis nausea cure discount zantac 150 mg otc, or cultural perceptions about the product. For example, yogurt consumption is very low in the United States and does not contribute in any considerable manner to intakes of dairy products in the American population at any age group (Quann et al. In Brazil, 80% of the population do not meet recommendations for dairy product intake (Verly Junior et al. Milk and cheese are the primary dairy products consumed, and yogurt is only consumed by approximately 7% of Brazilians (Possa et al. Mostly only ultraprocessed yogurts and specialty diet yogurts are available in Brazil, and they are not considered as a breakfast food or dessert given to children. In fact, there are food-safety concerns over keeping yogurt at school without proper refrigeration. While plain unsweetened yogurt is recommended in the dairy food category of Brazilian food guidelines, it is not a product that is readily available or might just be available to higher social classes. Only recently have pediatricians in Brazil been recommending yogurt as part of the arsenal for calcium intake, but unsweetened unflavored yogurt is emphasized (Fisberg, personal communication). A Chinese study with preschool children (35 years) demonstrated that supplementing the usual diet with a 125 g serving of yogurt daily resulted in higher intakes of calcium, zinc, and vitamin B12 than in the control group. Furthermore, bone mineral density after 9 months of supplementation was significantly greater in the yogurt-supplemented group (He et al. In Japan, yogurt and milk consumption were independently associated with measures of bone strength in a representative group of adolescents (Uenishi and Nakamura, 2010). Furthermore, yogurt consumption has been linked to dental health: reduced tooth erosion and fewer dental carries (Dror and Allen, 2014; Salas et al. There are some studies that model yogurt as a snack food, a dessert, or a milk alternative at breakfast. Among adults, yogurt appears to be a signature of healthy lifestyles and behaviors (Panahi et al. Few studies have investigated younger populations, but there is a good indication that yogurt consumption in children and adolescents may mirror what is seen in adult populations. For example, in one American study, children who consumed yogurt as infrequently as once per week had higher diet quality scores than nonconsumers. Yogurt consumers were also more likely to meet physical activity requirements, be non-Hispanic Whites, and have higher income-to-poverty ratios (Zhu et al. This behavior has been linked to lower intakes of many nutrients, poorer diet quality, and increased prevalence of being overweight and obese. The promotion of breakfast to children and adolescents and the inclusion of yogurt as a milk alternative can help improve nutritional status and promote healthy weights in these young populations (Webb et al. Among European adolescents, ready-to-eat cereal consumption was associated with higher milk and yogurt intakes and better diet quality (Michels et al. Snacking is common in Western countries and snacking frequency as well as the number of individuals who snack has increased significantly over the last several decades and can represent up to 25% of the daily caloric intake of children and adolescents (Jahns et al. Snacking, per se, is not harmful, particularly when healthy snacks contributing to key nutrient intakes are selected; however, trends toward frequent snacking of nutrient-poor energy-dense snacks has led to increased intakes of calories and added sugars (Larson and Story, 2013). Replacing these snacks with nutrient-dense foods can help reduce excess caloric and added sugar intake as well as increase intakes of nutrients that are deficient in the diet. Low-fat, plain, or even sweetened yogurt is a reliable alternative to nutrient-poor, energy-dense snacks for children (Hess and Slavin, 2014). Regular or whole-fat yogurt, however, is considered an energy-dense snack (Longley et al. It should be noted that flavored sweetened yogurts contain a wide variation of added sugar (Erickson and Slavin, 2015) and may not be appropriate as a snack for children, especially young children. In Brazil, food-based dietary guidelines specify that sweetened and flavored yogurts are classified as ultraprocessed foods, and as such should be limited or avoided (Ministry of Health of Brazil, 2014). One study showed that yogurt was less consumed as a snack by obese children compared to normal weight or overweight children; however, the association was borderline significant (P =.
Inscription "Jamestown 1607-2007" and three merchant ships sent by King James I to establish Jamestown on a peninsula in the James River in 1607 New York atrophic gastritis symptoms mayo order generic zantac from india. Statue of Liberty as the "Gateway to Freedom" superimposed over an outline of the state with a line tracing the Hudson River and the route of the Erie Canal North Carolina gastritis diet discount 300mg zantac amex. State nickname "First in Flight" and a depiction of the historic 12-second first flight of the Flyer at Kitty Hawk on December 17 gastritis diet 30 order zantac 300 mg without a prescription, 1903 Rhode Island gastritis or pancreatic cancer purchase zantac uk. Vintage sailboat gliding through the Narragansett Bay with the Pell Bridge in the background and the state nickname "The Ocean State" Vermont. Stately mansion Federal Hill and a thoroughbred racehorse positioned behind a fence in the foreground Tennessee. Early aircraft and an astronaut superimposed as a group on the outline of the state and the inscription "Birthplace of Aviation Pioneers" Louisiana. Three explorers in a dugout canoe, the Gateway Arch, and the inscription "Corps of Discovery" Arkansas. Mallard duck in flight, several stalks of rice, and a cut diamond, representing the Crater of Diamonds State Park where the largest diamond ever unearthed in the U. Outline of the state and the Great Lake system and inscribed with "Great Lakes State" Florida. Outline of the state on which is imposed a Lone Star and the legend "Lone Star State" Iowa. Answer: Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Yale. Viking explorer Leif Ericson leads what is considered to be the first European expedition to the mainland of North America and founds a temporary colony called Vinland. On his first voyage to America, Christopher Columbus lands at San Salvador island in the Bahamas on October 12. Juan Ponce de Leуn, in searching for the Fountain of Youth, becomes the first European to reach Florida, claiming it for Spain. Vasco Nъсez de Balboa becomes the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from its east coast, near Panama, and names it the South Sea. Florentine explorer Giovanni de Verrazano, commissioned by King Francis I of France, discovers New York harbor, Narragansett Bay, and the Hudson River. Fernando de Soto conquers Florida and becomes the first European to see the Mississippi River, in 1541. Don Pedro Menйndez de Avilйs founds the first permanent European settlement in North America at St. Sir Francis Drake lands north of San Francisco Bay and claims the region for Queen Elizabeth I, naming it Nova Albion. Sir Walter Raleigh founds a settlement on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, naming much of what is now the Eastern U. When a relief expedition returns to the Roanoke colony, all settlers have disappeared without a trace and the group becomes known as the "Lost Colony. Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America, is established. Captain John Smith is imprisoned by Indians and is allegedly saved from death by Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan. Samuel de Champlain founds the city of Quebec, becoming the "Father of New France," or Canada, discovering Lake Champlain in 1609. The House of Burgesses, the first representative legislative body in America, meets for the first time at Jamestown, on July 30. Pilgrims and others arrive in Plymouth, Massachusetts, aboard the Mayflower, having drawn up the Mayflower Compact before landing. Peter Minuit buys Manhattan Island from the Indians for about $24 and founds the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam. John Winthrop sets sail for Massachusetts with 900 Puritans and others, beginning the Great Migration to New England. King Charles I of England grants Lord Baltimore a charter to establish a colony in Maryland. Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts and founds Rhode Island, the first English colony in America to grant complete religious freedom. Britain captures New Amsterdam from the Dutch and Peter Stuyvesant, renaming both the city and province New York, in honor of the Duke of York.
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The mission statement should be distributed for comments and suggestions before it is accepted gastritis eating habits discount 150 mg zantac with visa, and no further planning should be done until there is consensus on the mission statement gastritis symptoms causes treatments and more best purchase zantac. Each step of the strategic planning process has implementation considerations and each should be addressed during that stage diet lambung gastritis cheap 300mg zantac free shipping, not postponed until the final implementation phase congestive gastritis definition purchase zantac 150 mg mastercard. The final implementation involves the initiation of the several action plans designed at the functional level and their integration at the top of the organization. This may, for example, involve new construction, initiation of management development or technical training, increased research and development, marketing of new products or services, and so on. All parts of the organization should feel that there is activity on all levels of 380 the Pfeiffer Library Volume 20, 2nd Edition. The most important test of implementation, however, is the degree to which organizational members, especially managers, integrate the strategic plan into their everyday management decisions. Environmental Scanning Throughout their existence, organizations need to be aware of what is happening in their environments that might affect them, and this is especially true during the planning process. These should be surveyed in depth to contribute to planning to plan, the values audit, the strategic business model, and so on. The environmental scanning process also will identify a variety of factors, both internal and external to the organization, to be considered as part of the strategic planning process. In fact, one of the extra benefits of strategic planning is that the organization gains a better understanding of how environmental scanning should be done. Factors to be considered as part of the macro-environmental-scanning process include social factors such as demographics, technological factors such as the largescale use of microcomputers, economic factors such as interest rates, and political factors such as increasing governmental deregulation. Among the factors to be considered as part of the industry environment are the structure of the industry, how the industry is financed, the degree of governmental presence, the typical products used in the industry, and the typical marketing strategies of the industry. The competitiveenvironment scan includes consideration of competitor profiles, market-segmentation patterns, research and development, and so on. Finally, among the factors to be considered as part of the internal organizational environment are the structure of the company, its history, and its distinctive strengths and weaknesses. Predicting how each of these areas might affect the organization over time is an essential part of the strategic planning process, one that needs to be considered in each phase. It is foolhardy and unrealistic to assume that economic conditions, consumer needs and expectations, competition in the marketplace, or a host of other factors will be the same two, three, or five years from now as they are today. A strategic planning process is a systematic effort by an organization to deal with the inevitability of change and to 381 the Pfeiffer Library Volume 20, 2nd Edition. The importance of this process is that it enables an organization to help to shape its own future rather than to simply prepare for the future. The Applied Strategic Planning Model presented in this article is markedly different from others, in both content and in process. The differences lie primarily in the attention paid to the psychological aspects of the process, especially during the values audit; in the importance of the mission formulation; and in the emphasis on proactive futuring in the development of the strategic business model. This model also is more process oriented than the others now found in the literature. It pays more attention to how the planning process works and less attention to the plan that the process generates. Finally, the involvement of key members of the organization, the examination of the social and psychological underpinnings of the organization, the constant environmental surveillance, and the ongoing awareness of the need for implementation throughout the planning process produce a broader and yet more detailed, more immediately applicable plan than that which results from using other models. This truly is Applied Strategic Planning, an activity that provides criteria for making important day-to-day decisions in organizations. We know that the resources of each individual employee need to be used as fully as possible, but U. The first step toward success in an employee-involvement effort is to define what is meant by the term "employee involvement. Similarly, companies have always hoped to derive the most from the time and talents of their employees. The economic sense of this goal is clear to everyone, just as is the fact that it makes for a better work environment. However, the notion that the goal can be accomplished is not at all clear, nor is it obvious how to go about accomplishing it. Supervisors and their subordinates do not want to be in conflict or experience adversarial situations at work.
However advantageously gastritis diet cheap zantac 300mg with mastercard, it avoids the risk of insufficient sampling from highly contaminated area dr weil gastritis diet generic zantac 300mg without a prescription. If minimization of number of sampling points is necessary in view of technical limitations gastritis elimination diet cheap zantac 150mg mastercard, the blocks/strata for sampling may be selected statistically using random number and subsequently gastritis ulcer diet purchase 150mg zantac with mastercard, sampling points may be selected randomly. In case such facts are not available, a two- or multi-stage sampling is often better for devising appropriate sampling strategy, which can be modified and improved at each step. Collection of information on nature of polluting activities, mode of contaminants spread, landscape, slope, present and past land use helps in reducing number of sampling stages. Therefore, the uncertainty must be specified for a statistical statement to have meaning. In statistics, uncertainty is technically referred to as confidence level or risk. For example, if a particular statistical statement is quoted as having a 95% 144 6 Collection and Processing of Polluted Soil for Analysis confidence level or a 0. Variance during measurement can arise from two sources; during sampling and during analysis of contaminants. Therefore, uncertainty in sampling can be derived as: 2 ј 2 А 2 s T a where, 2 is total variance due to sampling and is estimated by collecting and T analyzing several samples for a contaminant which are expected to produce identical results; 2 is variance due to analytical measurements and is estimated from the several a analysis of same sample for the contaminant; and 2 is variance due to sampling. A simple approach to calculate the number of samples is to collect and analyze for estimating an overall standard deviation, s from few samples through preliminary study (Mitra and Kebbekus 1998). If an experimental value of s is not available, an estimate may be done from previous similar studies. Surface litters of non-decomposed plant materials should be removed before sampling so as to ensure that only soil sample is collected. The use of hand auger ensures the reproducibility of test results, and guarantees high quality data collection. Following sample collection, the soil has to be uniformly homogenized in a uncontaminated container and properly stored in a labeled sample containers. While using devices for sampling, due care must be taken to avoid devices plated with chrome or other metals. A stainless steel or lab spoon or plastic scoop suits better for most of sampling applications. Since most of the probable contamination occurs on the surface of the sample which comes in contact with the sampling tool, contamination can be reduced by collecting samples with high volume to surface ratio. Thereafter, soil volume from the desired depth (usually in the zone of maximum root activity of annual crops) is loosened with trowel/spade and subsequently, the desired volume of soil can be collected from the sampling area with a scoop. Collected sample is thereafter, transferred into an appropriate samples container. For obtaining a composite sample, bulk samples are collected from several points from a small area (usually <1000 m2) and are homogenized in a container made of stainless steel using the stainless steel spoon, pestle or trowel. If sample volume is required to be reduced, the homogenized sample is spread on plastic sheet in a circular shape and four quarters are marked. At each time any two opposite quadrants were selected and the rest quadrants were rejected. This process of homogenizing- quartering is repeated if further reduction of sample volume is required. All the relevant information like depth, location, color, proximity to source/water bodies etc. While sampling for a desired depth, a hole is made with the help of auger rod and the rod has to be withdrawn from the hole. Thereafter the auger tip is replaced with a tube core sampler, is lowered down the bore hole, and subsequently is withdrawn along the sample. During this process the following precautions and steps should be followed while collecting soil samples with a hand auger: 1. The auger has be inserted at 0 to 45 angle from vertical which helps in minimizing spillage of the sample from the tube sampler. While extracting samples from the tube auger, tilting of the sampler may be required. The procedure for collecting subsurface samples using a sample coring device is described below: 1.
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