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Teaching tools: Development and use of an educator-developed community assessment board game symptoms uti in women discount prothiaden american express. United States Department of Health and Human Services medicine ball core exercises prothiaden 75mg on-line, Centers for Disease Control treatment for depression discount 75 mg prothiaden free shipping. Use epidemiologic data and the ecological perspective to identify health risks for a population medicine qid cheap prothiaden 75 mg amex. Participate in research activities such as data collection at the community level to build the scientific base of public health nursing. Rationale: the application of rigorous data collection, management, and analysis to the practice of nursing is the cornerstone of evidence-based practice. Baccalaureate nurses need a foundational understanding of epidemiology and biostatistics to evaluate and appropriately use the evidence from population-based general and topic-focused health surveys. Evaluation of the quality of evidence, the ethical use of information collected from population-based surveys, and the ethical collection and use of population-based data forms the scholarly core of entry-level public health nursing practice. Suggested Content: Assessment and planning of population health services using vital statistics and other population data for assessment and planning of health services. Applied research in community wellness, production of health, and impact of health programs. Public health nursing program evaluation protocols based on the analysis of population-based health outcomes. Use of evidence to focus immunization programs, disaster preparedness strategies, and communicable disease prevention and education programs. Use case studies, scenarios, and discussions to introduce students to the ethical issues surrounding the use of public health data. Provide an introduction to the National Center for Health Statistics datasets and reports and illustrate their use in working with communities and populations. Provide an opportunity for student-teams to develop a proposal or other small project based on a defined community problem or need. Assign student groups to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding an aspect of a public health issue to devise evidence-based strategies for public health nursing. Introduce students to available county and state population health evidence that may be available from the health department website or state website. United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Assess data collected as part of the community assessment process to make inferences about individuals, families, and groups. Identify gaps and redundancies in data sources in a community assessment through work with individuals, families, and communities. Apply ethical, legal, and policy guidelines and principles in the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of data and information. Understand methods and practices used to identify and access public health information for individuals, families, and groups. Rationale: the use of data to understand the distribution and determinants of disease in human populations is part of the core knowledge that informs the delivery of population health services. Data driven approaches to understanding the social determinants of health require a broader understanding of the social and biological environment. This understanding is developed by using existing data in ways that support analysis of the health of individuals within communities. Promoting health in communities Suggested Content: Use of information at the individual and community level on the distribution and determents of disease. Community activities that use data to address community health challenges or to evaluate community health interventions. Evaluation of data for validity, reliability, and utility in analyzing the determinants of health in communities and populations. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary team strategies to improve health in communities and evaluate community interventions. Suggested Teaching Strategies: Introduce students to the role and function of vital statistics data in population health services and analysis using guest speakers from state vital statistics departments or webquests to identify vital statistics issues and applications.
If 1744 observations shift from 0 to 4 or more treatment yeast purchase 75mg prothiaden with amex, how do the mean and median change? Why is the median the same for parts b and c treatment deep vein thrombosis 75mg prothiaden, even though the data are so different? Explain why the mean would likely be more useful than the median for summarizing the responses of the 60 subjects symptoms 5 dpo purchase prothiaden 75mg amex. With the cereal sodium data medicine you can take while pregnant order prothiaden 75 mg with amex, if we report the mean of 167 mg to describe the center, would the value of 210 mg for Honeycomb be considered quite high, or are most of the data even farther from the mean? To answer this question, we need numerical summaries of the variability of the distribution. This figure compares hypothetical income distributions of music teachers in public schools in Denmark and in the United States. Relative Frequency Denmark United States 20 30 40 50 60 Yearly Income (thousands of dollars) Figure 2. The distributions have the same mean, but the one for the United States varies more from the mean. Range the range is the difference between the largest and the smallest observations. The range is simple to compute and easy to understand, but it uses only the extreme values and ignores the other values. For example, if one teacher in Denmark made $100, 000, the range would change from +45, 000 - +35, 000 = +10, 000 to +100, 000 - +35, 000 = +65, 000. It shares the worst property of the mean, not being resistant, and the worst property of the median, ignoring the numerical values of nearly all the data. A much better summary of variability uses all the data, and it describes a typical distance of how far the data falls from the mean. The interpretation of the mean as the balance point implies that the positive deviations counterbalance the negative deviations. Summary measures of variability from the mean use either the squared deviations or their absolute values. Because the variance uses the square of the units of measurement for the original data, its square root is easier to interpret. It represents finding the deviation for each observation, squaring each deviation, and then adding them. The Standard Deviation s the standard deviation s of n observations is s = g(x - x)2 = sum of squared deviations. Its interpretation is quite simple: Roughly, the standard deviation s represents a typical distance or a type of average distance of an observation from the mean. The most basic property of the standard deviation is this: the larger the standard deviation s, the greater the variability of the data. A small technical point: You may wonder why the denominators of the variance and the standard deviation use n - 1 instead of n. We said that the variance was an average of the n squared deviations, so should we not divide by n? Basically it is because the deviations have only n - 1 pieces of information about variability: That is, n - 1 of the deviations determine the last one, because the deviations sum to 0. For example, suppose we have n = 2 observations and the first observation has deviation (x - x) = 5. Then the second observation must 58 Chapter 2 Exploring Data with Graphs and Numerical Summaries have deviation (x - x) = -5 because the deviations must add to 0. Men Mean = 2 0 1 2 Mean = 2 3 4 Women 0 1 2 3 4 the typical deviation from the mean for the male observations appears to be about 2. The observations for females mostly fall right at the mean, so their typical deviation is smaller. The deviations and squared deviations about their mean of 2 are Value 0 0 0 2 4 4 4 Deviation (0 (0 (0 (2 (4 (4 (4 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) = = = = = = = -2 -2 -2 0 2 2 2 Squared Deviation 4 4 4 0 4 4 4 the sum of squared deviations equals (x - x)2 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 0 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 24. Try calculating s for a couple of small data sets to help you understand what it represents. C n - 1 C6 this indicates that for men a typical distance of an observation from the mean is 2.
The Copyright Act defines a "computer program" as "a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer in order to bring about a certain result medicine 44291 buy prothiaden 75 mg visa. A claim to copyright in a computer program may be based on the authorship "expressed in words medications of the same type are known as cheap prothiaden 75mg overnight delivery, numbers treatment vitiligo discount prothiaden 75 mg fast delivery, or other verbal or numerical symbols or indicia medicine xarelto buy generic prothiaden 75 mg, " regardless of whether that expression has been fixed in tapes, disks, cards, or any other tangible medium of expression. For purposes of copyright registration, a "computer" is defined as a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data that is input by a user through a user interface, and is capable of providing output through a display screen or other external output device, such as a printer. A derivative computer program is a program that is "based upon one or more preexisting works. Typically, a derivative computer program is a new version of a preexisting program, or a program that contains material from a preexisting work that has been revised, augmented, abridged, or otherwise modified such that the modifications as a whole represent an original work of authorship. The program corrects certain problems found in previous versions of the same program. For instance, it increases the number of file formats that can be processed by the program, it doubles the speed for decoding graphics, and it allows the program to work with other types of graphics cards and semiconductor chips. These statements or instructions are comprehensible to a person who is familiar with the relevant programming language, but in most cases a computer or other electronic device cannot execute these statements or instructions unless they have been converted into object code. This conversion is performed by a separate program within the computer, which is known as an interpreter, assembler, or compiler. Object code is comprehensible to a computer or other electronic device, but it is not intended to be read by human beings, and as a general rule, it is not directly comprehensible to human beings. Copyright Office views source code and object code as two representations of the same work. As a general rule, the Office will not issue separate registrations for the source code and object code versions of the same program. If a program was registered in unpublished form based on a submission of object code, the Office may register the first published version of the same program based on a submission of source code (or vice versa), even if the published version "is substantially the same as the unpublished version. For details concerning the deposit requirements for registering a computer program with a submission of object code, see Chapter 1500, Section 1509. A transfer of ownership of a material object does not convey any rights in the work, nor does the transfer of ownership of a copyright convey property rights in any material object (absent a written agreement to that effect). Likewise, ownership of the copyright in a work is distinct from ownership of any material object that may be used to create that work. The fact that the author used a computer to write an article, short story, or other nondramatic literary work does not mean that the work is a computer program. A work only qualifies as a computer program if it contains "a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer in order to bring about a certain result. Moreover, when a work is created with a computer program, any elements of the work that are generated solely by the program are not registerable, such as formatting codes that are inserted by a word processing program. Copyright Office if it contains a sufficient amount of original authorship in the form of statements or instructions to a computer. Section 102(b) of the Copyright Act "make[s] clear that the expression adopted by the programmer is the copyrightable element in a computer program, and that the actual processes or methods embodied in the program are not within the scope of the copyright law. As a general rule, the Office does not distinguish between executable code and nonexecuting comments or data that may appear in the source code for a computer program. Either element may support a claim to copyright if the program contains a sufficient amount of original statements or instructions, and both elements may be registered with the same application. To register a claim in the executable code, the applicant should check the box marked "computer program" in the Author Created field. To register a claim in nonexecuting comments, the applicant may check the box marked "computer program, " or may also check this box and state "nonexecuting comments" in the field marked "Other. Likewise, the Office will communicate with the applicant and may refuse registration if the applicant asserts a claim in uncopyrightable elements that may be generated by a computer program, such as menu screens, layout and format, or the like. The new material must be original and it must contain a sufficient amount of copyrightable authorship. Making only a few minor changes or revisions to a preexisting work, or making changes or revisions of a rote nature that are predetermined by the functional considerations of the hardware does not satisfy this requirement. In no case does the copyright for a derivative computer program extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied in the program. The program contains a substantial amount of new code that did not appear in prior versions of the same program. Pentathlon Games released a videogame titled World of Watercraft, which is designed to run on the Sony PlayStation. A month later, the company released another version of the game that is designed to run on the Microsoft Xbox.
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